Population" and its changes are one of the four waves shaping the future, along with "globalization", "technology" and "environment". In recent decades, the countries of the world witnessed unprecedented and important changes in relation to the population, and the governments tried to manage the mentioned developments by applying various policies while maintaining the national interests. The decrease in the fertility rate in the world has caused many countries in the world to have a positive view of population growth, and our country was not exempt from this situation. The country's first population policy was implemented before the revolution in 1343 to reduce the population. In the years after the Islamic Revolution, different population policies with the objectives of population increase/decrease were approved and implemented at different time intervals. It seems that the effectiveness of population policies depends on various factors. Therefore, the implementation of similar policies in different conditions will not necessarily lead to the same consequences. The main problem of this article is to examine the population policies in the country and the lifestyle of the society at the time of their implementation and the future success of these policies. Documentary method has been used to study the present objective. The findings show that the failure or success of population policies in our country is not one-dimensional and is influenced by factors such as health conditions, economic status, cultural attitudes, social factors including people's lived experience, and lifestyle changes and social capital of society.